![]() ![]() It is not clear which came first, but the religious lyrics, in Latin, are a reflection on the sacrifice of the Crucifixion. This work is also one of the earliest examples of music with both religious and secular lyrics, though the secular ones are perhaps better known. Some translate "bucke uerteĆ¾" as "the buck-goat turns", but the current critical consensus is that the line is "the stag farts", a gesture of virility indicating the stag's potential for creating new life, echoing the rebirth of Nature from the barren period of winter. The better-known lyrics for this piece are in Middle English, and comprise a song of spring ( reverdie): The song in modern staff notation English lyrics (secular) ![]() The music is somewhat more readable in modern notation: ![]() These instructions are included (in Latin) in the manuscript itself. In addition, there are two lines marked "Pes", two bars each, that are meant to be sung together repeatedly underneath the main verse. The length between the start and the cross corresponds to the modern notion of a bar, and the main verse comprises six phrases spread over twelve such bars. To sing as a round, one singer would begin at the beginning, and a second would start at the beginning as the first got to the point marked with the red cross.
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